Secondly, Edwin Ray Guthrie was a behaviorist and that is why he had a concept in which all learning is based on a stimulus – response association. He believed that each movement produces stimuli and the stimuli then become conditioned. But, he didn’t believe that learning depends on reinforcement.
Firstly, Edwin Ray Guthrie was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. He received his bachelor’s degree in mathematics and his master’s degree in philosophy from the University of Nebraska. He worked as an instructor of the department of philosophy and then as an instructor of the department of psychology.
In my presentation I’m going to be talking about Edwin Ray Guthrie and after some introduction I would like to compare Guthrie’s theory with other theories.
Irina Olegovna Okuneva, senior instructor
I wish you to enjoy your reading.
The students were to compare the main ideas of the theories by John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner and C. L. Hull with the ideas of their followers N. Miller, E. R. Guthrie, etc. in order to show similarities and differences of a certain theory in comparison with the theories of other behaviorists and neobehaviorists.
On the whole one should admit that neobehaviorism still ranks highly in psychology. Neobehavioristic theories are widely used in social life, to treat some disorders, to mold the behavior aimed at maintenance of healthy lifestyle.
The leading theorist of neobehaviorism is Clark Leonard Hull. According to Hull’s Drive Theory behavioral motives are the drives of an organism that arise as a result of deviation from the optimum biological conditions. He stated the law of primary reinforcement and the Theory of Learning that is based on the latter. Hull’s ideas influenced the work of many outstanding psychologists, such as Neal Elgar Miller, Edwin Ray Guthrie, etc.
I would like to tell several words about the origin of this psychological school and the scientists whose works laid the foundation for the main ideas of the school. Behaviorism goes back to the works on reflexology by such Russian scientists as Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev. The concept of conditioned reflex according to Pavlov was later borrowed by an American behaviorist John Watson who denied consciousness as a subject matter of scientific investigation but admitted the importance of experiment as the method of behavioristic studies. Another great psychologist Burrhus Frederic Skinner contributed greatly to the development of behaviorism. He is best known for his operant conditioning theory which is aimed at elaboration of modifying behavior techniques.
Let me introduce the best essays of the students of Psychology Institute which were written in the first term of the second academic year at the English language department. The object of the essays was a comparative analysis of the scientific work of outstanding behaviorists and neobehaviorists.
йТЙОБ пМЕЗПЧОБ пЛХОЕЧБ, УФ. РТЕРПДБЧБФЕМШ
цЕМБА РТЙСФОПЗП ЮФЕОЙС.
ч ЪБДБЮЙ ТБВПФ УФХДЕОФПЧ ЧИПДЙМП УТБЧОЙФШ ПУОПЧОЩЕ РПМПЦЕОЙС ФЕПТЙК дЦ. хПФУПОБ, в. ж. уЛЙООЕТБ Й л. м. иБММБ У ЙДЕСНЙ ЙИ РПУМЕДПЧБФЕМЕК о. нЙММЕТБ, ь. т. зБФТЙ (зБЪТЙ) Й ДТ. У ГЕМША ЧЩСЧМЕОЙС УИПДУФЧ Й ТБЪМЙЮЙК ПРТЕДЕМЕООПК ФЕПТЙЙ, ЧЪСФПК Ч ЛБЮЕУФЧЕ ПУОПЧЩ УТБЧОЕОЙС, У ЙДЕСНЙ ДТХЗЙИ РТЕДУФБЧЙФЕМЕК ВЙИЕЧЙПТЙУФЙЮЕУЛПЗП Й ОЕПВЙИЕЧЙПТЙУФЙЮЕУЛПЗП ФЕЮЕОЙК.
пГЕОЙЧБС ОЕПВЙИЕЧЙПТЙЪН Ч ГЕМПН, УМЕДХЕФ РТЙЪОБФШ, ЮФП ПО РТПДПМЦБЕФ ЪБОЙНБФШ ЪОБЮЙФЕМШОПЕ НЕУФП Ч РУЙИПМПЗЙЙ. оЕПВЙИЕЧЙПТЙЪН ЫЙТПЛП ЙУРПМШЪХЕФУС Ч ТБЪМЙЮОЩИ ПВМБУФСИ УПГЙБМШОПК РТБЛФЙЛЙ, РТЙ МЕЮЕОЙЙ ОЕЛПФПТЩИ ЪБВПМЕЧБОЙК, ЖПТНЙТПЧБОЙЙ РПЧЕДЕОЙС, ОБРТБЧМЕООПЗП ОБ РПДДЕТЦБОЙЕ ЪДПТПЧПЗП ПВТБЪБ ЦЙЪОЙ.
чЕДХЭЙН РТЕДУФБЧЙФЕМЕН ОЕПВЙИЕЧЙПТЙЪНБ СЧЙМУС лМБТЛ мЕПОБТД иБММ. рП НОЕОЙА иБММБ, НПФЙЧБНЙ РПЧЕДЕОЙС ЧЩУФХРБАФ РПФТЕВОПУФЙ ПТЗБОЙЪНБ, ЧПЪОЙЛБАЭЙЕ Ч ТЕЪХМШФБФЕ ПФЛМПОЕОЙС ПФ ПРФЙНБМШОЩИ ВЙПМПЗЙЮЕУЛЙИ ХУМПЧЙК. йН ВЩМ УЖПТНХМЙТПЧБО ЪБЛПО П РЕТЧЙЮОПН РПДЛТЕРМЕОЙЙ Й, ПУОПЧБООБС ОБ ОЕН, ФЕПТЙС ОБХЮЕОЙС. йДЕЙ иБММБ ПЛБЪБМЙ ЧМЙСОЙЕ ОБ ФЕПТЙЙ НОПЗЙИ ЧЩДБАЭЙИУС РУЙИПМПЗПЧ, ФБЛЙИ ЛБЛ оЙМ нЙММЕТ, ьДЧЙО тЬК зБФТЙ (зБЪТЙ) Й ДТ.
иПФЕМПУШ ВЩ УЛБЪБФШ ОЕУЛПМШЛП УМПЧ ПВ ЙУФПЛБИ ЬФПЗП ОБРТБЧМЕОЙС Й ХЮЕОЩИ, РТЕДПРТЕДЕМЙЧЫЙИ ЧПЪОЙЛОПЧЕОЙЕ ЕЗП ПУОПЧОЩИ ЙДЕК. лПТОЙ ВЙИЕЧЙПТЙУФЙЮЕУЛПЗП ФЕЮЕОЙС ХИПДСФ Ч РТПЫМПЕ Й ВЕТХФ УЧПЕ ОБЮБМП Ч ТБВПФБИ РП ТЕЖМЕЛУПМПЗЙЙ ФБЛЙИ ТХУУЛЙИ ХЮЕОЩИ, ЛБЛ йЧБО рЕФТПЧЙЮ рБЧМПЧ Й чМБДЙНЙТ нЙИБКМПЧЙЮ вЕИФЕТЕЧ. рПОСФЙЕ ХУМПЧОПЗП ТЕЖМЕЛУБ РП рБЧМПЧХ ВЩМП РПЪДОЕЕ ЪБЙНУФЧПЧБОП БНЕТЙЛБОУЛЙН ВЙИЕЧЙПТЙУФПН дЦПОПН хПФУПОПН, ЛПФПТЩК ПФТЙГБМ УПЪОБОЙЕ ЛБЛ РТЕДНЕФ ОБХЮОПЗП ЙУУМЕДПЧБОЙС, ОП РТЙЪОБЧБМ ЧБЦОПУФШ ЬЛУРЕТЙНЕОФБ ЛБЛ НЕФПДБ ЙЪХЮЕОЙС ТБЪМЙЮОЩИ ЖПТН РПЧЕДЕОЙС. ч ТБЪЧЙФЙЕ ВЙИЕЧЙПТЙЪНБ ЧОЕУ ПЗТПНОЩК ЧЛМБД вЕТТЕУ жТЕДЕТЙЛ уЛЙООЕТ. пО ОБЙВПМЕЕ ЙЪЧЕУФЕО УЧПЕК ФЕПТЙЕК ПРЕТБОФОПЗП ОБХЮЕОЙС, ОБГЕМЕООПК ОБ ТБЪТБВПФЛХ ФЕИОЙЛ НПДЙЖЙЛБГЙЙ РПЧЕДЕОЙС.
рПЪЧПМШФЕ РТЕДУФБЧЙФШ чБЫЕНХ ЧОЙНБОЙА МХЮЫЙЕ ТБВПФЩ УФХДЕОФПЧ ЙОУФЙФХФБ РУЙИПМПЗЙЙ, ЛПФПТЩЕ ВЩМЙ ЧЩРПМОЕОЩ Ч РЕТЧПН УЕНЕУФТЕ ЧФПТПЗП ЛХТУБ ОБ ЛБЖЕДТЕ БОЗМЙКУЛПЗП СЪЩЛБ. гЕМША ТБВПФ СЧМСМПУШ РТПЧЕДЕОЙЕ УТБЧОЙФЕМШОП БОБМЙЪБ ФЧПТЮЕУФЧБ ЧЩДБАЭЙИУС РУЙИПМПЗПЧ-ВЙИЕЧЙПТЙУФПЧ Й ОЕПВЙИЕЧЙПТЙУФПЧ.
тБВПФЩ УФХДЕОФПЧ ЙОУФЙФХФБ РУЙИПМПЗЙЙ
йОУФЙФХФ РУЙИПМПЗЙЙ
йОУФЙФХФ РУЙИПМПЗЙЙ - тззх.тх
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